The Influence of Music on Human Beings Essay Example For Students

The Influence of Music on Human Beings Essay The historical backdrop of music treatment B. Music as a type of treatment V. Music influences people groups mind. A. Music and stresses B. Music and training C. Music and feeling V. Decision A. Rundown B. Recommendations Introduction Have you at any point been keen on music? Have you seen that music has a few impacts upon people? What about musics impacts? It is safe to say that they are regularly useful for individuals? How does music fix sicknesses and diseases? For what reason do a few people cannot live without tunes? In what manner would music be able to influence our feelings and brain? Today, music has gotten increasingly famous in people groups lives. Music has now become a major piece of life. We will compose a custom paper on The Influence of Music on Human Beings explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Everybody lays music advantageously at their homes by music accounts, radio stations, and CDC. As per Longing Dictionary of American English (2006, p. 268) music implies its music; in any case, the vast majority of them dont truly have words to depict it (p. 5). Human and musics relationship is drawing nearer. Arbor (2010) demonstrates that in a general public, music chiefly communicates with individuals when artists have activities with music. Everybody can participate in this procedure, and these encounters are inset in our lives. At the point when individuals discover something in like manner through the music which has a deft ramifications, they will be nearer (p. . Music is firmly identified with human lives, so there are an ever increasing number of researchers who start to do explore on the impacts which are brought by music. This paper presents a few analysts thoughts of: the significance of music, the elements of music, and the impacts of music on human lives. Individuals ou ght not live without music. A few people bring up music is a significant piece of their lives. Music brings us numerous advantages on correspondence, connections, and now and again, music is a methodology of promoting. Each nation has their regular culture. Better places have various dialects, o individuals frequently cant comprehend the individual who utilizes the diverse language. Be that as it may, music can traverse the language limits to contact individuals (Higgins, p. 2). The creator Bower (2010) additionally says that music and language are conceivable the equivalent, even today music is disconnected from language by the way of life (p. 5). Music is all inclusive in that there are no limits to getting music. Indeed, even creatures like fowls, canines, and whales can comprehend music Tao certain degree. What is stunning about music is that it is implanted inside us all. Everybody can get it and feel something on the off chance that they open themselves up. Music is a technique to show people groups feelings, so individuals like to make it (Clark, 2011. Para. 7). While individuals are in the spots like houses of worship, church buildings or sanctuaries, the brilliant Musicians craftsmanship pull in individuals to turn out to be nearer (Para. 13). Sharing experience of music can unite individuals. This sort of conduct is established in our history and our disclosures as individuals. Music can cause time to feel solidified. Music additionally has the ability to recommend development. Every one of these things manage the human detects. For business, music is something to be thankful for. Postal carrier (1982) calls attention to that music is use to make some specific emotions and activities as he mood melodies. Along these lines is frequently utilized underway offices and workplaces, the fundamental targets are staffs and customers (p. 86). Simply consider what might occur without music when going into an extravagant eatery? Music like an undetectable advertiser, hard works for people without pay. Nobody truly knows where music originated from yet there are numerous speculations that recommend music originates before the presence of people. Johnston and Royally (1996) call attention to that throughout the hundreds of years, music as of now has an association with medication (p. 54), they additionally state, music had the capacity to fix the illnesses and the spirit was trusted by the Greeks. The main utilizing of music to fix the psychological sickness individuals was taken by Consecrates, Carpenter, and Orion these three Greeks. The producer Homer idea that adverse feeling could be evaded by music; additionally hazards like Confucius, Plato, and Pythagoras felt that people groups wellbeing could be improved by reaching music consistently (p. 4). As indicated by their examinations, utilizing music in clinical field is inflexible Music can fix maladies and sickness, this capacity developed the expression of music treatment, and it is getting increasingly well known, all in all, I'm not catching it's meaning in current society? The importance of music treatment is utilizing music and its speculations to improve, recover o r keeping the strength of brain, body, fondness and mindset with acknowledged music specialists capably (Canadian affiliation, 1994, Para. L). How can it work? .u2dff6825f01f1aaf3829ab9c2a6808a5 , .u2dff6825f01f1aaf3829ab9c2a6808a5 .postImageUrl , .u2dff6825f01f1aaf3829ab9c2a6808a5 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u2dff6825f01f1aaf3829ab9c2a6808a5 , .u2dff6825f01f1aaf3829ab9c2a6808a5:hover , .u2dff6825f01f1aaf3829ab9c2a6808a5:visited , .u2dff6825f01f1aaf3829ab9c2a6808a5:active { border:0!important; } .u2dff6825f01f1aaf3829ab9c2a6808a5 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u2dff6825f01f1aaf3829ab9c2a6808a5 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u2dff6825f01f1aaf3829ab9c2a6808a5:active , .u2dff6825f01f1aaf3829ab9c2a6808a5:hover { darkness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u2dff6825f01f1aaf3829ab9c2a6808a5 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .u2dff6825f01f1aaf3829ab9c2a6808a5 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-adornment: underline; } .u2dff6825f01f1aaf3829ab9c2a6808a5 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u2dff6825f01f1aaf3829ab9c2a6808a5 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enhancement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2dff6825f01f1aaf3829ab9c2a6808a5:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u2dff6825f01f 1aaf3829ab9c2a6808a5 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u2dff6825f01f1aaf3829ab9c2a6808a5-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u2dff6825f01f1aaf3829ab9c2a6808a5:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Human Rights In Tibet EssayAccording to Harvey ; Simon (201 1), the minds versatility could be improved by music, and music can let nerve cells to have new relations (p. 4) More explicitly, cadence in the degree of 60 70 pulsates each moment is near hearts thumps, these sorts of rhythms are generally moderate. Sickness or the earth here and there will cause the burdens. Music beats can help people groups bodies to recuperate the groupings and the issues that body gets before (Burke, Walsh, Lealer, Gingers, 1995, p. 9). Music influences people groups mind. In present day society, individuals get numerous sorts of worries from th eir lives. Music is valuable in this part. In Harvey and Simonys (2011) article Music and wellbeing, they state that in Italian, 24 versed artists as the wellbeing volunteers comprise an examination bunch sound volunteers. They found that the significance of beats cannot be disregarded. The music that is moderate or thoughtful would influence individuals to feel unwind, in any case, quicker beats brought individuals boost. When the upward pulsates of music halted, the pulses and blood weights of that individual who is doing test would have a lessening, the information is lower than ordinary, and demonstrated that subjects felt unwind (up. - 3). As the hypothesis of music treatment, how to utilize music to diminish the burdens is straightforward. There are a few spots instructing with music, is it acceptable? How can it functioning? Tuning in to music arranges the terminating of nerve cells in the correct portion of the cerebral cortex, the piece of the cerebrum liable for higher capacities. Fig uring out how to play instruments may upgrade the cerebrums capacity to ace errands including language executes, memory, and consideration. (Harvey Simon, 2011, p. 2) Music can be helpful with learning. It makes training all the more effectively and breezily. After quietness, that which comes closest to communicating the inconceivable is music. Out loud Huxley. Individuals are most perhaps to recollect a second where a melody has made them especially pitiful or energized and cheerful. Studies show that Cheerful music can cause individuals to feel upbeat, vivacious, and alert, it likewise says music can do the things of lifting the disposition of individuals (Harvey Simon, 2011, p. 2). Be that as it may, some of the time individuals likewise simple to be influenced by the state of mind of music. Kiang, Collar, Bailey and Chem. (2011) demonstrate that some terrible feelings are brought about by music which can influence feelings successfully (p. 221). End Generally, the musics importance; the musics functionalities; and the musics impacts are the three primary things that music brings to us. The article Brain preparing (2012) calls attention to that people are gotten numerous advantages from music, as lessen pressure and inquietude. Similarly, if individuals need easing torment, improving the capacity of retaining and consideration, or supports positive state of mind, the entirety of the advantages of music ought to be utilized viably.

Preventing Conflicts And Disputes As A Project Manager

Forestalling Conflicts And Disputes As A Project Manager Task the board is a significant part of an association and a fundamental factor for fruitful culmination of a venture. In todays changing occasions apparatuses, for example, venture the executives, whenever utilized appropriately can give a valuable method to associations to deal with that change successfully. Overseeing development ventures is a perplexing endeavor. The nature of a venture is the aftereffect of numerous components the nature of Project Manger is one such factor. Venture director get things going on a task. A task needs a decent arranging, association the board which would draw out the most extreme advantages for the association and this can be just accomplished by a decent pioneer Project administrator. Another territory which needs a great deal of consideration in an association is clashes debates. Struggle is an unavoidable part of an association. It tends to be dangerous just as useful and it relies upon the venture supervisor to determine the contention in a way with the goal that it doesn't prompt the misfortune for an association. There have been numerous past examinations on venture achievement factors influencing venture achievement. These incorporate Project directors capability, control frameworks obligations, determination of groups, governmental issues, contracting settling of contentions, legitimate allotment of assets and so forth. Powerful task the executives starts with choosing and organizing ventures that help the organizations methodology and mission. Task directors need to plan and spending ventures just as organize the commitments of others. Social-aptitudes, dynamic abilities, issue taking care of aptitudes, openings perceiving abilities, and the board of conte ntions are sure close to home characteristics of an undertaking chief influencing venture achievement. The fundamental point of study is to discover various characteristics of an undertaking chief which would help in defeating all the difficulties confronted while taking a shot at a task as this denotes the accomplishment of any association. Undertaking director assumes a significant job in an effective working of any association and the point of this examination is to profoundly concentrate each one of those properties which a task chief must need to turn into a decent pioneer who can deal with his group well concentrate most extreme advantages out of them inside the restrictions of time, cash assets. Activities are characteristically questionable face sudden occasions, from little changes to unexpected changes like clashes inside association, with the customer, asset inaccessibility, and so forth. Undertaking Manager shapes a connection between the top administration different representatives so it is the duty of the venture administrator to keep up a decent harmony between both. Th e contention can emerge in top administration just as different workers. The point of the examination is to perceive how venture administrators react to such occasions. As this structures a significant explanation behind the achievement of any association, the point is to give a top to bottom investigation of these qualities of a decent undertaking supervisor which is beneficial for all the associations draw a basic connection between the Project Managers administrative characteristics, the utilization of key task the executives standards, rehearses venture execution. The examination would likewise suggest some methodological procedures, theoretical structures, tests, encounters a few ends drawn from different investigations done in different organizations contrast balance them with past examinations with achieve an expansive examination for effective working of a venture administrator his job in fruitful consummation of a task inside the given requirements. At first the examination would inspect what a task is, the thing that venture the board is and what is the job of an undertaking supervisor. At that point the investigation would analyze the causes, types impacts of contention followed by the manners in which they can be settled the job of Project chief in compromise. SEARCH STRATEGY The pursuit procedure begins in light of a point objective. The point the goal of present investigation are as per the following: Point: To contemplate the jobs obligations of a viable Project Manager break down what qualities of a Project Manager are required to determine various clashes in an association. Targets: To characterize Project Management. To characterize the jobs duties of a successful quality Project Manager. To characterize strife, look at its causes, types, center procedures impacts in an association. To analyze what characteristics of a Project Manager are required to oversee Conflict adequately. The catchphrases utilized in the investigation include: Venture, Project Management, Project Manager quality, Project administrator jobs, Unexpected occasions, Conflict, Conflict Management, work execution of Project Manager, Managerial characteristics, Project Performance, Power, Politics, authoritative governmental issues, initiative, correspondence, inspiration, overseeing venture groups, venture partners, venture life cycle. These words are important for the pursuit since they spread the necessary goals of the investigation. They help in finding the fitting diary papers, joins or other data with respect to the various parts of a venture, venture the board, Project supervisor, strife refereeing by a task administrator. These words help in discovering data that can depict the general point goals of the investigation. Different wellsprings of data include: Web search tool utilized: Science direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, Engineering Village. Different sources: Task Management: the administrative procedure 4e by Gray Larson. Business Psychology Organizational Behavior by Eugene McKenna. Business Management of Projects characterizing the order by Dawid Lowe with Roine Leiringer. Mechanical Organizational Psychology by John B. Digger. www.ogc.gov.uk www.apm.org.uk Surveys OF FOUR JOURNAL PAPERS: Task Quality venture supervisors: This diary paper Project Quality Project chiefs http://tinyurl.com/24d9ue8 stresses on the way that a fruitful venture requires sound task the board rehearses and for any undertaking administration framework to be viable, a venture must be overseen by a venture director who shows top notch administrative traits. The exploration talked about in the paper is supported by the Construction Industry Institute. The primary motivation behind the paper is to affirm the basic connection between the utilization of key task the executives standards, rehearses venture execution. The paper accentuates on the successful undertaking the executives rehearses their utilization by venture supervisors at all levels during a task life cycle. The paper contends that the connection between a Project Managers administrative qualities venture achievement is circuitous. The task execution is influenced by the successful utilization of venture the board standards by an undertaking director. Further the paper additionally contends that the excellent administrative characteristics are a similarly significant supporter of task achievement and proportionate with great specialized aptitudes. The paper presents the key standards suggested practices, for example, key venture sorting out, structure adequacy, venture control the executives of value explained by the Construction Industry Institute (CII) the Business Roundtables Construction Industry Cost Effectiveness (CICE) venture. They are accepted to have the most grounded impact on venture execution. The paper unmistakably characterizes the destinations extent of the examination. The information doesn't just give hypothetical outcomes yet in addition offers experimental help by obtaining information through point by point poll created to study 400 development organizations where the respondents give singular perspectives dependent on their encounters on ventures in the substantial designing, building modern development areas. This paper likewise gives systems to improve venture administrator viability. This aides in more profound comprehension of the administrators capacity to reliably create venture achievement. Anyway this paper considers just the part of task Manager as the factor for venture achievement. Venture achievement could be surveyed on venture the board strategies as well as on other outside elements. The Project Manager should likewise permit the customer to assume equivalent liability of the undertaking. It is imperative to decide the desires significance of every client in the task by the venture chief as this additionally checks one of the variables for effective running of undertaking. [1,2] Along with initiative abilities there is likewise a need of passionate skills and as the task directors progress they have to improve their administration capabilities especially building up the enthusiastic measurements. [3] This paper additionally doesn't analyze the workplace influencing the presentation of undertaking chiefs. This is significant not just for deciding the achievement of an undertaking, yet additionally in consistent of the great execution of venture chiefs. [4] The examination done by CII CICE demonstrates that the basic factor to extend achievement is the nature of a Project Manager. Overseeing development ventures is a mind boggling undertaking requires numerous variables. The nature of Project Manger is one such factor. Task Manager needs to stretch various qualities at various occasions over the life of an undertaking to make the venture fruitful. Many Project Managers are seen to do not have the imperative administrative abilities so new methodologies, for example, expanded pre arrangement preparing, coach framework, cautious determination of potential venture directors and so forth are proposed to improve the nature of a successful Project Manager. 2) Conflict its administration: This diary article http://tinyurl.com/37skcfr presents a nitty gritty investigation of contention its administration by disputants themselves or by outsiders, for example, Project Managers, go betweens and so forth. The paper initially looks at the causes, center procedures impacts of contention therefore tests into strife acceleration de-heightening, setting peace promotion. At long last the paper likewise finishes up certain proposals for future research gives suggestions to rehearsing administrators. The article features

Renault Story in India Essays

Renault Story in India Essays Renault Story in India Essay Renault Story in India Essay Since 2012 the Indian car industry is experiencing a turbulent period. Compounding large scale monetary conditions inside the nation, high financing costs and rising information costs are quick disintegrating the gainfulness of the vast majority of the vehicle fabricates. Notwithstanding value cuts and different motivators, vehicle deals in India stayed drowsy. Investigators are highlighting a second consecutive year of declining deals in what was one of the world’s quickest developing auto markets. The log jam in the general vehicle request in the nation was a worry for the item administrators of Renault. In spite of the fact that in the midst of all the melancholy, Renault had a few motivations to cheer.Since its dispatch in summer of 2012, Renault’s minimized SUV Duster’s advertise execution had been a long ways past the desires for the Renault the executives. After a string of fruitless associations and item dispatches, the item administrators at Renault had at long last figured out how to dispatch an item which evoked an emotional response from the Indian customers. The way that SUVs have been enrolling acceptable development in an in any case somnambulistic vehicle advertise has unmistakably helped the Duster’s cause. However, there was gigantic difficult work placed in by the Renault India group to get everything directly from the highlights and mileage to the last price.Now in the midst of all the monetary anguish and slew of new rivalry presented by new dispatches by Ford and Maruti, the coming year seems, by all accounts, to be a substantially more testing suggestion. Item supervisory crew of Duster was poring over the market reports and reviews to figure the following move. 2Renault’s story in India Renault is a French worldwide vehicle maker set up in 1899 by Louis Renault and his two siblings. The organization creates a scope of vehicles and vans, and before, trucks, tractors, tanks, transports/mentors and autorai l vehicles.In request to more readily scale up all around and to cross influence the RD ability, Renault and Nissan manufactured a key collusion in 1999. The Alliance is a vital association dependent on the method of reasoning that, because of significant cross-shareholding speculations, each organization demonstrations in the money related enthusiasm of the other-while keeping up singular brand personalities and free corporate societies. Renault as of now has a 44. 4 percent stake in Nissan, and Nissan holds a 15 percent stake in Renault (non-casting a ballot, giving Renault powerful control). The vehicle bunch sold 8. million vehicles worldwide in 2012, behind Toyota, General Motors and Volkswagen for all out volume. Renault entered the Indian market a lot later than the other worldwide contenders. At the hour of its entrance the Indian market was fundamentally commanded by little and reduced hatchbacks offered by Korean and Indian organizations. Maruti alongside the Hyundai were the main two makes inside the nation offering slew of models in the middle of the 3-5 needs section. Poor street conditions alongside the cost cognizant client base represented a huge plan and promoting challenge to the vehicle organizations to bundle the correct highlights at a reasonable price.In request to break the Indian auto advertise puzzle, Renault chose to enter the Indian market in association with Mahindra. Together the accomplice propelled Logan which got Logan which met with a blended reaction from the Indian market. Logan neglected to draw in customers because of its length of partially - multiple meters - that necessary an industrial facility entryway obligation of 22% contrasted with 10% for the under 4 meter vehicles. The Logan was scrutinized for its square shaped looks and ungainly ergonomics. Because of uncompetitive evaluating, Logan attempted to support volumes and was before long kept distinctly to Taxi segment.After consistent tussle between the two accomplic es, Mahindra and Renault chose to drop their miserable marriage. Renault incidentally dallied with the possibility of the banding together with Bajaj for a low end vehicle, and afterward at long last chose to go hard and fast alone in the market. In March 2010, Renault India and Nissan India opened a creation office in Chennai. Set up with an underlying speculation of 45 billion (US$760 million), the plant has a consolidated yearly ability to deliver 400,000 vehicles. Each accomplice is qualified for a large portion of the creation limit. Since the beginning of its own activity Renault has propelled the accompanying models.

Write Research Papers Online

Write Research Papers OnlineWriting research papers online is a great way to get the facts right and to contribute your ideas to the evolving knowledge base. It allows you to do it with little investment and without the added pressure of attending lectures or managing an office. While it is possible to publish an online research paper through your local university, publishing online is quite easy as well, and if you have expertise in the subject area, it could be a good way to broaden your horizons.Online publications offer a degree of anonymity to the author and can provide the support needed for hard-core research. The tools that make up the web are fairly simple and the editing tools are most often designed for online publications. If you want to be sure that the articles you publish online will stand up to peer review, they need to be in such a way that readers can understand the research, the methods used and your findings.The best way to write research papers online is to use a rticle writing software that you can use to compose a draft. The more you write, the more informed you will be about your topic. There are several article writing software packages available on the market, and it is important to choose one that gives you the features you need to produce well-informed articles.First, articles must include relevant information about the topics covered in the articles. These articles should also be relevant to the topic of the article itself. Research papers may include your thoughts and personal experiences about the topic, or they may offer an overview of the subject.Writing research papers online should include the link to your research paper. That link should be direct and not disguised as a footer or navigation help. When someone reads an article online, the first thing they will see is the author's name, and so the link should not seem to 'warp' to the reader's eye. It must be easy to follow and the link should lead directly to the article itself .As a writer, you have to use common sense when you write research papers online. Do not fall into the trap of using irrelevant examples to illustrate your point, unless it is to highlight an important point that you cannot reach without the example.Finally, be patient and prepared to be criticized for your research papers online. You will need to provide evidence for your findings and be ready to defend your research as well as the conclusions you draw from it.

The Effect of Recall on Non-Meaningful Words - 1454 Words

PSYC 319: PRACTICALS IN LEARNING (2011/ 2012) TOPIC: The Effect of Word Position on Recall of Non-meaningful Words. ID NUMBER: 10306280 ABSTRACT: 60 participants were selected randomly from University of Ghana, Accra City Campus and the main campus. They were assigned to 2 groups, experimental and control group. The experimental group was made to immediately recall in serial order, a list of 16 3-letter nonsense syllables within a period of 30 seconds, after the words were presented on a screen serially. This was done 10 times per student. The same procedure was used for the control group however they were made to recall the same items in any order (free recall). The average correct responses were recorded and the results†¦show more content†¦Each stimulus item was shown for a period of 2 seconds before the next item appeared. For each participant, a different score sheet was used to record the response. Scoring was done by adding up the number of correct responses made during each trial for the 10 trials to obtain a measure of total number of items correctly recalled by each participant. Statistical Analysis and Results: GROUP (N=60) EXPERIMENTAL GROUP (n=30) CONTROL GROUP (n=30) Sediff TEST OF SIGNIFICANCE MEAN 27.500 72.167 3.878 df = 58 level of significance = 0.05 tcrit = 1.648 (directional test) tobs = 11.518 p 0.05 STANDARD DEVIATION 12.714 17.015 From the table shown above, tobs(11.518) tcrit (1.648) at a 0.05 level of significance, therefore, we reject H0 in favor of H1. This means that the students who used free recall had a greater chance of scoring higher in their number of correct responses than those who used serial recall. DISCUSSION From the results of the experiment, we can see that there is a significant difference in the effect of the position of the word on recall. This can be seen as students who used free recall scored higher than those who used serial recall. It was also observed that students in the experimental group (those who used serial recall) could hardly remember the words towards the end of the list; the scores diminished as they approached the end of the list. On the other hand, students in the control group (those who used free recall) could rememberShow MoreRelatedTest1237 Words   |  5 PagesResults from experiment one indicated that response latency times rised systematically as the questions necessitated deeper levels of processing—semantic as opposed to structural questions of the word (Craik Tulving, 1975). Performance on the retention test increased significantly, from below 20% recognized for questions concerning structural characteristics to 96% for sentence questions (Craik Tulving, 1975). The results have thus shown that different questions requiring different encoding strategiesRead MoreA Short Note On Silent And Oral Modes Of Learning1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe Von Restorff effect – also known as the Isolation effect – is a form of a Memory bias in favour of remembering the unusual. It predicts that â€Å"if an item is isolated, that item is learned faster, retained longer, and recalled better than a non-isolated item† (Homes, C. Arbogast, R., 1979) Previous research on the Isolation effect has focussed on which conditions the isolate is more recalled in. I-Ning Huang and Craig Wille (1979) conducted research on the difference in recall of the isolateRead MoreThe Working Memory Model Proposed by Alan Baddeley and Graham Hitch1630 Words   |  7 PagesThe experiment was in the form of a word recognition test. Participants went through a list of 12 words; the words were all thematically related (car, wheel, bike, motorcycle †¦), with the exception of one of two in the list (pencil). After they had gone through the list, they were presented with another set of words, and were asked to recognize which of those words had been present in the initial list. Each of these ‘recognition sets’ contained at least one word that belonged to the same overarchingRead MoreDoes Gender Have An Effect On Memory?1444 Words   |  6 Pagesthink about our future. We would not be able to remember what we did yesterday, what we did today or what we will do tomorrow. Without memory, what would we remember? Nothing. The question is does gender have an effect on memory? Can men recall memories better than women? Or can women recall memories better than men? The Study of human memory started about two thousand years ago by Aristotle’s first attempt to understand how memory works. Aristotle â€Å"compared the human mind to a blank slate and theorizedRead MoreModels amd Stages of Memory Essay746 Words   |  3 Pagesthe importance of rehearsal is the one by psychologist named Craik and Lockhart (1972). Their model of memory known as the levels of processing model explains that contrasting the multi store model this model carries a non-structured approach. This idea was shaped due to an effect of the criticism levelled at the multi store model. Craik and Lockhart (1972) model idea basically is that memory is the happening and result of one’s information process. 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When company wants to launch a new brand, they need to consider many brand elements and there are six general criteria (which are memorable, meaningful, likable, transferable, adaptable and protectable) that use to assess these brand elements. The main brand elements are Names, logos and symbols, characters, URLs, jingles and packaging. First of all, every product needs a name that is the most

Fear of Communism Caused the Vietnam War Essay - 1622 Words

The Vietnam war has been referred to by many names, one of the longer ones was the cornerstone of the free world southeast Asia. It was called that by John F. Kennedy. He was talking about Vietnam being and essential country in a non-communist world. He believed that if Vietnam became a communist country, all of the surrounding countries would also become communists. This is the main reason America was involved in the Vietnam war. Another reason was that America wanted to spread their â€Å"political ideas around the globe†. They wanted to do this so that their anti-communism stance was clear. The public also wanted to keep communism from spreading. To soldiers, the war was like a crusade, a great journey to purge the communists from Vietnam.†¦show more content†¦The public was on board the war train for the first few years of the war, until they found out what it was actually like in Vietnam. Public view of the war immediately changed negatively. When the news reache d the soldiers in Vietnam, reactions were mixed. While they could understand why the people didnt like the prospect of war, they were still killing-even when they didnt want to-for their country. Some soldiers didnt know how to respond. One solder wrote to his mother and told her that for one second he felt as if he was on vacation because it was so beautiful in Vietnam. Another one told his mom â€Å"not to worry, there is nothing I cant handle†. While the soldiers could handle the physical horrors happening to them, it was the mental stuff that was breaking them down. The Vietnam war did not officially start until the 1950s. This is when the U.S. started sending in troops. Before then the French had been trying to conquer what was then called Indochina. They began their conquest in 1859, by 1888 they had turned the area that is now called Vietnam and Cambodia into the Colony of French Indochina. This was challenged many times by different uprisings but none worked as well as the Viet Minh common front( this was controlled by the Vietnamese communist party). During WWII the French were defeated by the Germans. This severely weakened their authority in Vietnam. In 1940 the Japanese invaded andShow MoreRelatedThe Cause For The Vietnam War1442 Words   |  6 PagesAmong the causes for the Vietnam War are the Western fear of communism, the remnants of nineteenth-century colonialism, and tensions caused by World War Two and the Cold War, but these causes could easily have been circumvented and the Vietnam War prevented. As is often the case with wars, one of the most influential factors in the causation of the Vietnam War was fear, especially fear of communism and social upheaval. The anti-communist policies of Western culture had the greatest direct influenceRead MoreFears Of Communism : The Cold War792 Words   |  4 Pages Fears of Communism It was the Cold War, causing the space race and the arms race between America and Soviet Russia since 1947. In its midst the Cold War changed the United States dramatically, ranging from political to social problems all around the country. During the Cold War period there were many positive and negative effects on U.S. politics. One political effect on politics in the U.S. was Executive Order 9835 or Loyalty Order. This order requires all federal employees to be analyzedRead MoreRelationship Between Identity And Security1400 Words   |  6 Pagesconflicts, states are invested in promoting their constructed identity, and challenging the opposing identity. In the following section, this essay will be using the elements of interests, alliances, and fear of the other to demonstrate the underpinning of the relationship in the three events of the Vietnam War, dà ©tente and the 2003 Iraq invasion. Interests are important in the relationship as it allows us to observe why a state is involved in a conflict. With the U.S., the majority of the time it is interestedRead MoreThe Vietnam War1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe Vietnam War began on November 1st, 1955.Vietnam decided to have this war because since a very long time ago, Vietnam wished to have a government that was independent, since it has been for a long period of time, colonized first by China, then France and Japan. The United States started this war as a result of the Cold War. This war is caused by the belief that communism was going to expand through south-east Asia, which is not of great content for the United States, since they hold a capitalistRead MoreThe Cold War Times : A Theory Of Containment1073 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion 1: During cold war times, the US’ had a theory of containment. Containment made to stop the spread of communism, because it was thought that if the US could not stop communist countr ies than it could work on stopping communism from spreading. In 1954, Vietnam was able to become independent from France. The country was divided along the 17th parallel, and North Vietnam and South Vietnam were created. Ho Chi Minh led North Vietnam and it had a communistic government, which was supported byRead MoreThe United States During The Cold War1733 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout World War II, and during the Cold War. Post WWII America was thriving with industry, and the economy flourishing. This marked the start of the baby boomer era, and people were happy because the depression was over. America had political interest in both Vietnam and the Philippines because of they wanted to spread democracy and defend people against communism. They also wanted to give Vietnam to France as they once had it, but Ho Chi Minh declared independence for Vietnam and himself presidentRead MoreEssay on The War in Vietnam1662 Words   |  7 PagesThe War in Vietnam America became increasingly involved in the war in Vietnam, mainly because of the domino theory, the fear of the spread of communism. If South Vietnam fell to the communist the US feared that communism would spread throughout Asia and to neighbouring countries. The influence of the previous presidents also caused another main reason for the US to become more involved in Vietnam. But there is one underlining fact; if the ‘French had not left, AmericaRead MoreImpact Of The Cold War On The World Essay1560 Words   |  7 PagesWas the impact of the Cold War felt most heavily felt by the superpowers (Europe, Russia, and the United States) or in the developing world? The Cold War (1945-1991), a war fought between two social, economic, and political ideologies: Communism and Capitalism. Although essentially fought between two superpowers, the United States of America (U.S.A.) and the Union of Soviet Socialists Republic (U.S.S.R.), the impact was most heavily felt in the developing world. Although there was no direct fightingRead MoreThe Cold War Times : A Theory Of Containment904 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion 1: During cold war times, the US’ had a theory of containment. Containment made to stop the spread of communism, because it was thought that if the US could not stop communist countries than it could work on stopping communism from spreading. In 1954, Vietnam was able to become independent from France. The country was divided along the 17th parallel, and North Vietnam and South Vietnam were created. Ho Chi Minh led North Vietnam and it had a communistic government, which was supported byRead MoreThe Vietnam War And The Soviet Union1535 Words   |  7 PagesThe Vietnam War During the Vietnam War, United States involvement was for personal reasons and fear of communism. Neither the United States or the Soviet Union should have been involved. The War was just used as a cover up for the actual silent, passive aggressive war between the United States and the Soviet. The Vietnam war was started by the North â€Å"Viet Cong† and their desire to unify Vietnam under communist rule. The South was against communism, making tensions grow until eventually, a war broke

Facility and Risk Management-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Facility and Risk Management Hospitality Operations (Grand Hyatt, Melbourne). Answer: Grand Hyatt, Melbourne Melbourne, most populous and the capital city of Australia has been rating high in heath care and hospitality making the most livable city in the world. For the case study the venue of Grand Hyatt, Melbourne is chosen with brief description and history of the venue. Lastly the floor plan for the VCA is discussed with designing this in a blank form. Melbourne possesses a temperate oceanic condition and changing weather condition. The Grand Hyatt consists of the luxury accommodations of more than five hundred large guestrooms with more than eighty clubrooms and twenty-five premium suites (Melbourne, 2017). The purpose of the venue has been to deliver the most possible experience to the guests with returning of good financial outcomes for the business owners. The city has been the home to various architecturally valuable National Trust museums and homes with historically important gardens and parks. Values are added to the rich history of the city in various historical monuments and buildings. Melbourne has continued to develop as the vibrant and globally sought after hospitality destination. The current situations have inspired bold innovations engaging visitors, workers and residents alike. An essential measure for safety is nominated at every venue at Melbourne using AS 1851-2005 (Chhetri 2014). This has been to deliver the maintenance within the manual. The details of the record levels kept are included in the maintenance schedules of the sections 2 to 19 of this standard. The owners of the venue have been developing the log sheets by using the table of maintenance given in the standard for every important safety measures. The Venue Condition Assessment (VCA) of the center at Grand Hyatt has been done on the cost estimation basis. The cost estimates could range from the component based estimations depending on the methods used. This must be based on the local data to the wider estimating the magnitude order helpful for future and one time necessities. References: Chhetri, A.N.J.A.L.I., 2014. Modelling spatial tourism and hospitality employment clusters using geographical information systems. Melbourne, G. (2017).Grand Hyatt Melbourne | 5 Star Luxury Accommodation. [online] Melbourne.grand.hyatt.com. Available at: https://melbourne.grand.hyatt.com/en/hotel/home.html [Accessed 30 Jul. 2017]. Trove. (2017).Assessing building performance / edited by Wolfgang F. E. Preiser, Jacqueline C. Vischer. - Version details. [online] Available at: https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/17812658?selectedversion=NBD26259104 [Accessed 30 Jul. 2017]

Timeless Tales of The Blond e Indian Essays - Tlingit People

Timeless Tales of The "Blond e Indian" Thomas McCormack University of Alaska Anchorage Author's note For this essay I examined how Hayes' experiences, views, and culture helped shape the way that she would share her world through scholarly concepts and definitions from her story: Blonde Indian . I believe that I have succeeded in interpreting the story's meaning and why it is important to the audience. I do, however need work on the fluidity of my writing; perhaps that comes with lots and lots of practice. The caucus of Western-inspired genres initially confronts and is currently faced by traditional literary works. Blonde Indian: An Alaskan Native Memoir integrates, nature, history, culture, fiction, and clan tales into a n infused whole. Hayes influences alter the level of lyricism a nd separate narrative view. She uses the elements in the memoir ' s literary voice to ind icate changes to the audience, n arrated using articulate layers which i nfuse metaphor and native tales: spiritual journeys and social journey, the memoir traces Hayes' roots from a challenging childhood living among the Tlingit community, all through her adult life, and her return home (Brian, 2013) . Neither fully Euro-American or Native ; the author experiences a distinct sense of separation from both the prevailing culture and her Native people. Readers come across the author's challenges outside her native village together with clan's men scores who have never been alienated f r om the motherland however , they still struggle with personal problems. The challenges included : discriminati on, poverty, alcoholism, and unemployment. The "Blonde Indian" offers much more than an account of Hayes ' life because it delves into a symbo lic narrative of modern Natives' personal journey. These tales as told by the author have been passed down through generations of the Tlingit people for years. The story is filled histories, explanation, and tales which are distinct to the Tlingit people. The book is a documentation of the rich yet intricate cultural heritage. The author also offers a dedication to the Alaskan landscape, and a personal demonstration to how retreating in life and nature permits forward movement (Miller, et al. 2007) . With the opening statement, the author notifies the readers that she will narrate the tale in a manner that pays tribute to Tlingit oral tradition and ancestors. Hayes starts the narration in her native language. The original printed words of our ancestors " haa shagoon " further offering her native name Saankalaxt , before her "white man name." th e author moves to relive her ancestry, where she sets up both her precision in speak as a Tlingit native and her personal connection to the ancestral land. She recounts that they belong to Lingit Aani " It is a customary opening to what has become, sorrowfully, a customary tale: Native Alaskan communities destroyed by alcohol abuse and assimilations ideolo gies. Nonetheless, the writer presents hopeful story of going back to her ancestral roots that will forever embrace its natives (Ernestine, 2006) . Born of a white man and a Lingit woman, Hayes grew up in Juneau, Alaska, a native Indian village , before relocating to California. According to (Fuller-Thomson Minkler , 2005) N ative Indian communities as whole played an important role in raising a child. In Hayes ' case, she spent her childhood life being catered for by a grandmother while her mom is undergoing a tuberculosis treatment. The author, who began drinking alcohol during her teen life, narrates a life of filled with challenges such as prolonged periods of being homeless and abusive relations w i th men. The author also had an estranged relationship with her children. Through all these challenges, the thought of reconnecting with her native land gives her hope. Alaska is consistently portrayed not just as the only shaping factor of Hayes culture however as a component of the family, shows emancipation for Hayes. The author separates the memoir into four elements. She introduces each section by traditional tale, containing not only intricate details of her life but origin tales of family, Indian and clan histories. Hayes shifts from personal tales to Raven tales to her native land with minimal transition. She reminds her audience

5 puntos migración de cubanos a EE.UU., incluido asilo

5 puntos migracià ³n de cubanos a EE.UU., incluido asilo La polà ­tica migratoria de Estados Unidos hacia los cubanos es, en algunos aspectos, diferente a la que se aplica al resto de nacionalidades y es fruto de la situacià ³n histà ³rica de la Guerra Frà ­a. Se estima que aproximadamente dos millones de cubanos y cubano-americanos residen en Estados Unidos, siendo Florida el estado donde un mayor nà ºmero se concentra. En la actualidad cuando se habla de migracià ³n y cubanos es necesario tener en cuenta 5 puntos: fin de polà ­tica de pies secos, pies mojados, Ley Ajuste Cubano, peticià ³n de asilo en frontera, deportaciones y, finalmente, solicitud de visas no inmigrantes para cubanos que desean visitar temporalmente Estados Unidos.  ¿Quà © significa el fin de Pies secos, pies mojados? Por decisià ³n del anterior presidente de Estados Unidos Barack Obama se puso fin a la polà ­tica de pies secos, pies mojados que durante aà ±os posibilità ³ a los cubanos emigrar ms fcilmente que otros extranjeros. Esta polà ­tica permità ­a quedarse en EE.UU. a los cubanos que tocaban suelo estadounidense y al aà ±o iniciar los trmites para obtener la tarjeta de residencia permanente, mientras que, por otro lado, se regresaban a Cuba o se enviaban a un tercer paà ­s a aquellos cubanos interceptados en el mar cuando trataban de llegar a EE.UU. Al mismo tiempo que se cambià ³ esa polà ­tica se puso fin al programa CMPP para trabajadores de sanidad cubanos en programas de trabajo fuera de la Isla. Ley de Ajuste Cubano Por la Ley de Ajuste Cubano de 2 de noviembre de 1966,  las personas de esa nacionalidad ingresaron  legalmente en Estados Unidos pueden solicitar la tarjeta de residencia mediante un ajuste de estatus, si pueden demostrar una estancia continuada en el paà ­s de un aà ±o y un dà ­a. Para ingresar legalmente se necesita una visa de inmigrante o una de los muchos tipos de visa no inmigrante, es decir, un documento emitido por una embajada o por un consulado de los Estados Unidos. Cubanos y asilo en Estados Unidos Para solicitar asilo en los pasos migratorios de una de las fronteras terrestres, aeropuertos o puertos de los Estados Unidos se pide a los cubanos que cumplan los mismos requisitos que los candidatos de otros paà ­ses. Para el caso de la frontera terrestre que separa EE.UU. y Mà ©xico, desde el 16 de julio de 2019 aplica la obligacià ³n de pedir previamente asilo en al menos un paà ­s por el que se haya transitado antes de llegar a dicha frontera. Para admitirse la solicitud de asilo en el puesto migratorio terrestre de EE.UU. tendr que demostrarse que se ha cumplido con ese requisito y que las autoridades de dicho tercer paà ­s la ha denegado. Ademas, cabe destacar que el asilo solo se aprueba por una de las circunstancias previstas por la ley y el hecho de ser de un paà ­s que es una dictadura o tiene un rà ©gimen comunista no es razà ³n suficiente para que el asilo sea aprobado. Los requisitos que pide la ley es que el solicitante haya sido perseguido o tema ser perseguido si regresa a su paà ­s por una de las siguientes causas: nacionalidad, raza, religià ³n, opinià ³n polà ­tica o membresà ­a en un grupo determinado. En la actualidad, un nà ºmero rà ©cord de cubanos que solicitaron asilo en la frontera y que las autoridades estadounidenses consideran que no tienen un buen caso de asilo se encuentran detenidos en prisiones migratorias mientras esperan que se resuelva su caso, lo cual puede demorarse meses. Por otro lado, los cubanos que solicitan el asilo y se les concede un parole para que ingresen al paà ­s pueden seguir en libertad su caso de asilo mientras que, al mismo tiempo, deben solicitar ajuste cubano al aà ±o y dà ­a de ingresar al paà ­s con el parole y cancelar, asà ­, la peticià ³n de asilo. En los aà ±os fiscales 2015 a 2017 –los à ºltimos de los que hay datos publicados por el gobierno– los cubanos no estn entre las diez nacionalidades con mayor nà ºmero de casos de asilo aprobado, tanto en la modalidad afirmativa como en la defensiva. Por à ºltimo, no se debe confundir el asilo con la condicià ³n de refugiado, que es una situacià ³n similar pero distinta y que tiene como condicià ³n imprescindible que la solicitud se realice fuera de EE.UU. y de sus fronteras. El Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas es una de las instituciones que se ocupa de tramitar el papeleo de la condicià ³n de refugiado para cubanos. Cubanos y deportacià ³n Durante dà ©cadas, Estados Unidos no deportaba a los cubanos. La razà ³n principal era la negativa del gobierno castrista de admitir a los cubanos deportados. Sin embargo, actualmente La Habana est admitiendo en su territorio a sus nacionales deportados siempre y cuanto se cumplan ciertas reglas fijadas conjuntamente con Estados Unidos. A consecuencia de ello, en el à ºltimo aà ±o fiscal EE.UU. deportà ³ a 436 cubanos. Para evitar la deportacià ³n es altamente recomendable que todos los cubanos que cumplen con los requisitos soliciten la ciudadanà ­a estadounidense por naturalizacià ³n, lo cual imposibilita la deportacià ³n a Cuba. Visas no inmigrante para cubanos En la actualidad, los Estados Unidos no est emitiendo visas en Cuba a ciudadanos cubanos, quienes deben solicitarlas en una oficina consular estadounidense en un tercer paà ­s como, por ejemplo, Mà ©xico. Asimismo, en estos momentos y por decisià ³n del gobierno del presidente Donald Trump ya no se emiten a los ciudadanos cubanos visas no inmigrantes, como la de turista, estudiante o intercambio, con validez de cinco aà ±os. Ahora las visas son vlidas para un à ºnico viaje por un mximo de tres meses. Cubanos y migracià ³n EE.UU. No aplica: Pies secos, pies mojados, polà ­tica que permità ­a quedarse en EE.UU. a todos los cubanos que tocasen suelo estadounidense. Esta polà ­tica dejà ³ de aplicarse el 12 de enero de 2017.No aplica: visas especiales CMPP para personal sanitario cubano en misiones en el exterior. Se dejà ³ de aplicar en misma fecha que Pies secos, pies mojados.Sà ­ aplica: Ley de Ajuste Cubano, que permite a todos los cubanos que ingresan a EE.UU. legalmente solicitar la tarjeta de residencia permanente al aà ±o y un dà ­a de entrar al paà ­s. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Globalization Ph.D. Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Globalization Ph.D. - Essay Example The contemporary humans are well aware of the needs. The advent of the modern communication systems made the companies to identify the possible markets for their goods. The saturated markets are no more a worry for the companies as the markets are wide opens for them to explore. The global markets have certainly provided new marketing opportunities. As the communication is advanced, the connectivity increases people will get a chance to know the happenings round the world. People will have the chance of gaining the knowledge of the unique products available in the neighboring world. The global need and wants by the people would be perceived according to the availability of the concerned products. People are in search of products with high end technological excellence, better quality, and with more features. The migration of people for the developed countries to the various other parts of the world spread the product knowledge. The change in the lifestyles and more westernization in m ost parts of the world created markets which are huge and more lucrative than the home countries market. As the people migrated so as their habits and culture and life style were introduced to the new place where the migratory introduced his way of life to the host country. Universally the needs and wants are the same for every individual but the different people perceive the same need and want in different way. The better way with more technology and the usage of more unique products will entice the host population to product used by the visitors, thus the desire for the more enhanced products will arise. The host populations slowly divert from their normal native product and strive to perceive the visitor's modern product range. Multi national corporations who market the products gradually moved their products to the new markets with high demand and tried to establish their brands. Standard products need exists in the same way everywhere steel, chemicals, petroleum, cement, agricultural commodities and equipment, industrial and commercial construction, computers, semiconductors, transport, electronic instruments, pharmaceuticals, and telecommunications, to mention some of the obvious. Mc. Donald advanced an extra mile and introduced unique food itineraries to the other parts of the world with its fast food outlets. The commonality in the preference of the humans has had forced the inevitability to welcome a universal product .Mc Donald theory has proved to the perfect example as the company marketed the same food products to the global market .Mc Donald is truly global in its terms as it has molded the organizational performance according to the external environment they were in. Mc Donald's exemplifies levitt's theory as it has evolved into world class food chain establishing in nearly hundred countries identifying itself with the environment. According to the levitt's theory Mc Donald's has identified appropriateness value-the best combinations of price, quality, reliability and delivery suitable to that with respect to design, function, and even fashion. Levitt stated that a company forces costs and prices down and pushes quality and reliability up-while maintaining reasonable concern for suitability-customers will prefer its world-standardized products which was implemented by Mc Donald's in every outlet it has opened. A truly global mission is modernity and its

Essay on Horizontal Recruiters Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

On Horizontal Recruiters - Essay Example It is the only cemetery that is under the Armys jurisdiction while the other 113 are under the Veterans Administration. He notes that although these men and women who are buried there were once regular citizens like the people who come to read their names, they are seen as heroes. The Army has glorified these corpses as something that should be revered and that it is something that people should be humbled by because these soldiers laid down their lives for their country. The author also suggests that President Kennedy also became a heroic entity within the walls of Arlington because of his assignation and the fact that he is the most visited grave in the cemetery. He talks about the fact that although he was under court martial his father was able to get him out of it and this act led to him being elected president later. All of this information made the author angry about what he was seeing how the Arlington Cemetery as a tribute to the militarys need to emulate its victims. Another historical fact that he brings to light is the fact that Arlington was once named "Freedom Village" and it served as a place where free slaves were living just after Lincoln freed them. This was a place where they could receive permanent housing and community service. This was an established village for them for over 30 years. Unfortunately because it was under the jurisdiction of the Army, many residents complained that the living conditions were like living in slavery. After the war it was more difficult for the ex-slaves to get the help they needed and the federal assistance they were receiving was reduced. He makes the point that the Arlington National Cemetery brought this about and created a welfare state before there was welfare available to the nation. Another travesty that this young man is upset about is the fact that in Arlington National Cemetery blacks and whites could not be buried together. This created another way for the slaves to be separated within the

Jungs View of Religion Essay Example for Free

Jungs View of Religion Essay I will be explaining Jung understands and his views of religion. Jung first starts with the key concept of the mind which is the three concepts of consciousness – consciousness, personal unconsciousness and the collective consciousness. Consciousness is where we actively make decisions and choices. The thoughts are based on a sensory experience e. g. the things we see, smell, hear, touch and taste. These are directly accessible. The personal conscious is out thoughts, feelings, urges which are difficult to bring to the consciousness and they are not directly accessible. They have been environmentally determined. The collective unconsciousness is inherited and the thoughts are shared by everyone – archetypes (inherited ideas: first prints or partners that form the basic blue print for major dynamic counterparts of the human personality. ) Jung believes that the archetypes pre exist in the collective unconscious of humanity. They determine how we both perceive and behave. Archetypes are the source of the ideas or images that is inherited instead of the ideas themselves. The experiences you have construct/create uniform images. We inherit a functional disposition to produce the same or very similar ideas not inherit the idea. This is the reason for a dream dictionary, for example a person could be dreaming that their friend is falling. So the falling is the image drawn from the archetype and the friend is from their experience. So the collective unconscious means that many of our ideas will be shared with people. There are different types of shared archetype examples are: the person – this is the mask that covers out true natures for the benefit of society. The mask could be good impressions of what is expected of us by others or the false impression to manipulate others behaviour and opinions. In our dreams the may manifest itself in images of ourselves appearing at a party in disguise. The shadow – this is our darker sides of us. In dreams it might reveal itself in the form of personification of evil e. g. Satan or monster. It could be deeper of our personality identity beings to be lost and individuals experience the chaos of getting closer to the material structure of psychic life. This commonly is found in the woods. The animus – is the masculine side of a female. They may appear as an exotic, sensual, young man or as heroes. The anima – is the female side of a male. They may appear as a  dancing girl, seductresses or goddess. Jung believes that the way neuroses(mental illness is caused by being psychically imbalanced) occurs is that it arises from being psychically imbalanced (so we become mentally ill if the when the psychic energy – psychological energy by which the work of the personality is performed isn’t flowing as well as it could. To maintain mental health all of the features of the personality need to be balanced so the psychic flows properly. There needs to be a balance between conscious and unconscious and the different archetype. If you fail to do this according to Jung this causes a mental disorder. Jung says through individuation (figuring out who you are and becoming your own self) you become psychically balanced personality through the addition of the range of archetypes into the conscious personality. There are two main process of individuation; the first part is when they come to terms with the outer environment with its challenges through work, friendship and relationship. The second part is from a middle age onwards is to come to terms with one’s own personality. For example a mid-life crisis, this is when someone is in the middle of their life they want what they never had in their youth age e.g. a sports car. They want to become psychically balanced as they missed out when they was youths. The things that come from the archetype such as images or thoughts are considered to be religious. Jung redefines religious thought as the numinous. This relies on Rudolf Otto’s understanding of the religious or numinous experience. According to Otto’s a numinous experience affects our consciousness which is caused by something external to our consciousness. Any experience which is archetypal in origin can be stated as religious. All archetypal images are ineffable (indescribable) . Our images of god are themselves archetypal. The concept of god is one of these primordial images (an archetype). Everyone is born with the tendency to generate religious images of god and angels . the actual image that we have of god are through our experiences in the world. An example of a case study is where Miss Miller had a dream about a moth’s desire for light. Jung said this parallel between god and light can be found in countless religious traditions e. g. the Aztec preoccupation with the sun and the Christian view of Jesus as ‘light of the world’. The role of religion is the process of individuation. The two reasons he gave was the self archetype this guides and controlled the innate process of individuation. Individuation is a religious process. The second reason is the self archetype generates images of wholeness. For example the mandala – means circle and is perfectly balanced, the design is symmetrical which represents the balance and wholeness same with Islamic art instead the repetitive patterns to show his eternality. Jung argues that god images are beneficial to our health. The images are used by the mind to individuate the personality, the personality then achieve its goal of integration. Religion now becomes clear, the ones that reject religion are therefore less likely to individuate successfully and is most likely to experience neurosis as a result. Jung concludes that the existence of an actual god is similar to Freud’s – there is no proof either way. We don’t know where the archetype actually comes from and we don’t know the origin of the-psyche because there are ineffable. As a psychic reality – god is real to those who experience the effect of archetypes. Jung always considered religious beliefs to be a natural expression of the collective unconscious.

Student Achievement Essay -- Education Class Size School Essays

Student Achievement This is a research paper I did to see if class size is related to student achievement. I used two studies to see if class size was related to student achievement. When you read my paper you will gain the knowledge of how controversial this issue is. It shows the actual findings of two studies. My paper shows how younger kids are benefiting from the smaller classes. There is still ongoing research to really decide if smaller really is better. Many parents and teachers desire smaller classes for their children. However, are smaller classes necessarily increasing student achievement? It has been an assumption that if a student is in a small class setting, there are fewer distractions and the learning experience is greater. People feel children have more individualized attention, which may lead young students towards greater academic success. Research has been conducted across the country to see if smaller class size is really better. The number of students in a classroom recently became a controversial issue. There has been research that shows that class size depends on many variables. Some of these variables include the age level of students, subject matter taught, and instructional methods used. â€Å"Recent statistical syntheses of this research reveal that the instructional benefits of smaller classes are most significant for classes numbering under twenty students; in those with twenty five to forty students class size has little overall effect on educational quality† (Ellis, 1984, p.1). The benefits of a smaller class include increased one-on-one learning between the student and the teacher. This also allows the teacher to ascertain a student’s learning ability. If there are fewer stude... ..., Smith, P, Zahorik, J, Halbach, A, Ehrle, K, Hoffman, L, & Cross, B. (2001). 2000-2001 Evaluation results of the student achievement guarantee in education (SAGE) program. Retrieved April 28, 2003 from the World Wide Web at http://www.asu.edu/educ/epsl/SAGE/annual_reports/2000-2001%20Evaluation/epru-0201-104.htm#overview â€Å"Sage Initiative Evaluation†. (February 2002). Sage and direct instruction projects. Retrieved April 28, 2003 from the World Wide Web at http://www.uwm.edu/Dept/CERAI/sage.html. This website was about Project SAGE. It explained exactly what the study intended to do. For example, it planned to: Reduce the student-teacher ratio in their classrooms to 15:1 in grades K-3; Stay open extended hours (creating "lighted schoolhouses"); Develop rigorous academic curriculums; and, Implement plans for staff development and professional accountability.

Many Faces of Oppression

Tsitsi Dangarembga address several issues concerning women in her novel, Nervous Conditions. Three main issues include coming-of-age, colonialism, and patriarchy. They are all encountered by the central character, Tambu as she grows up in colonial Rhodesia. While living on the homestead with her family, Tambu witness the examples of oppression prevalent in her environment. The women in her immediate family are domesticated and for the most part uneducated. When Tambu learns of her aunt Maiguru†s education and â€Å"success†, she tries to ignore the potential images of the women on the homestead by working hard to go to school. Once she is granted an education with the help of her uncle, Tambu finds out that her aunt Maiguru is oppressed too, only in a different setting. Therefore the struggles women face are similar regardless of their class,or level of education. Tambu learns early about the oppression of women in the traditional patriarchal way of life on her homestead. For example, Tambu can not continue to go to school because her family lack the funds for her to go. However, her brother Nhamo is granted the right to go and is expected to do well. Their father boasts about his son†s education and gives him certain rights and privileges. Tambu resents the fact that her brother is able to get an education and she is not. She is constantly in conflict with Nhamo because of Nhamo†s arrogance. He retorts, â€Å"Did you ever hear of a girl being taken away to school? With me it†s different. I was meant to be educated† (Dangarembga, 49). Speeches like this contributes to Tambu†s increasing drive and desire for education. Tambu, seeking to break away from her oppression through education, asks her parents for maize seeds to raise her own crop and sell them for tuition. Her own mother†s years of oppression seeped into discouraging Tambu. My mother said being black was a burden because it made you poor†¦ [and] being a woman was a burden because you had to bear children and look after them and the husband† (Dangarembga, 16). Discouragingly the parents give the seeds to her and she raises her crop. She notices that her crop is coming up missing and finds out her brother was stealing them to keep her from going to school. However through determination and a little assistance, Tambu raises the funds for school. Her father, in an act of dominance tries to take the money away from Tambu†s education but is unsuccessful. Tambu gains a small victory in her journey to reach her dream. The death of Nhamo is a turning point in Tambu†s life. Because Nhamo was the only son in the family, Tambu took his place. Tambu is granted the chance to be a part of colonized life and the advantages it has over the poverty she has lived. All the whileTambu goes through her schooling she sets her sights to becoming what her aunt Maiguru seems to be. â€Å"She was altogether a different kind of woman from my mother. I decided it was better to be like Maiguru, who was not poor and had not been crushed by the weight f womanhood† (Dangarembga, 16). One of the examples Tambu is shocked to know is the oppression Maiguru encounters by obtaining her Masters Degree. Tambu is accustomed to the hierarchical forms of address which place women and children lower than men. She is surprised to know a woman can go that far and wonders why no one acknowledged her aunt†s degree. Again another example of oppression in Tambu†s family, especially the women, is that they didn†t like Maiguru acquiring that amount of education and therefore did not acknowledge her level of education. They did however,celebrate Babamukuru†s Master Degree constantly and gave all praises to him, even the women joined in. Another example of the oppression in a middle class household is Maiguru†s salary. Even though she had the education and the career in teaching, Maiguru never saw a penny of her earnings. They went directly to her husband. Even Maiguru shows her acceptance to this oppression by saying, â€Å"†¦ no one even thinks about the things I gave up. But that†s how it goes†¦ and when you have a good man and lovely children, it makes it all worth while† (Dangarembga, 102). Even though Maiguru was educated, she was still expected to marry and raise children, so her education only provided another way of serving her family. This confession disappoints Tambu because it shatters her image of Maiguru being an independent role model. Now, with the influence of her cousin Nyasha,Tambu must find and become her own image of an independent, educated woman. The patriarchal way of life in Rhodesia had many levels of oppression. From the poverty-stricken homesteads to the colonialized middle-class setting, women were being oppressed from something. Author Tsitsi Dangarembga, cleverly reveals these levels of oppression in Nervous Conditions. Main character Tambu is able to see some of these levels with her opportunity to go from her homestead to her uncle†s home while she grows and goes through school. She think she has escaped the oppression when her brother dies and she has the opportunity to leave home where oppression is prevalent. Tambu fails to see that oppression exist even in a colonized setting until she learns from her aunt and idol, Maiguru. Even with a high level of education and ability to make money, there was still the opportunity for oppression to exist, in Maiguru†s example, by not acknowledging educated women or having their earnings controlled by men. Although this realization now occurs to Tambu, she tries to find some other way to resist the oppression (refusing to go to her parents† wedding). Nervous Conditions is a great example of how women struggle regardless of class or level of education and whether they accept the oppression or resist it.

A Case Study Of T Mobile CRM Marketing Department - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 28 Words: 8257 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Case study Level High school Did you like this example? The Impact And Success Of Customer Relationship Systems: A Case Study Of T Mobile CRM Marketing Department 1.1 Introduction As has been commented upon in academic research, â€Å"today, in the business world, management recognises that customers are the core a business.† Expanding market share for any business relies upon the strength of their ability to be able to attract customers to purchase their product or service. However, it has not been until relatively recently that business has begun to understand that it is not solely the reliance upon attraction of customers that is important to success. Equally, if not more important, is the need to retain the customer and their future loyalty to the product offering or brand, as this is the only way in which the corporation can sustain their competitive advantage over other market players. Moreover, it has also been recognised that there is a significant cost benefit in the retention of existing customers in comparison with adding a new customer and this is especially true in an industry that has reached saturation point, w hich is certainly the case in the UK mobile telecommunications sector. 1.2 Background on CRM tools and systems Consequently, it is not surprising to find that an increasing number of businesses are becoming more focused upon the need for including customer relationship management (CRM) processes, tools and systems as a key element of their corporate marketing strategy. Indeed, in a survey conducted by Boston based Bain and Company, which covered 708 corporations across the Americas, Europe, Asia and Africa and resulted in 6,373 respondents, 78% were actively using management tools as a key element of their drive for competitive advantage, with the same percentage incorporating customer surveys within this strategic area. With the advancement of technology, both in terms of software, the internet and other developments, these CRM tools and systems have become more innovative as corporations seek to improve their customer retention and loyalty. It is this particular element of the CRM discipline that forms the focus for this dissertation which, by using T-mobile as a case study corporation, intends to undertake an assessment and evaluation of the impact that such tools have upon the corporations marketing department. 1.3 Case study T-Mobile T-Mobile is a wholly owned subsidiary of the German telecommunications giant Deutsche Telekom. The current brand name was introduced in 2002. Within its sector, the company is the worlds sixth largest mobile communications business, based upon the number of subscribers, and the third largest mobile multinational after Vodafone (UK) and Telefonica (Spain). Globally, the company has over 101 million subscribers. In the UK, T-Mobile has 13 Million subscribers and operates through 294 separate retail locations in addition to its online website. On the 1st July 2010, T-Mobile UK became part of a joint venture with Orange, operating through a new corporation called Everything Anywhere Ltd, which is â€Å"joi ntly owned by Deutsche Telekom and France Telecom.† Together the two businesses account for around 28 million subscribers and share administrative facilities. As stated, T-Mobile is operating within a highly saturated industry sector, which can be evidenced from recent statistics. For example, as can be seen from figure 1, mobile phone ownership had increased to over 80% by 2008 . More recently, by 2010, this number had risen to around 90% ownership of 2G and 3G mobiles (figure 2), although it should be noted that the number of actual mobiles owned significantly exceeds this figure because many individuals have more than one phone. Figure 1 Consumer durable statistics Source: https://www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp?id=868 Figure 2 Communications adoption 2010 Source: OFCOM (2010) In terms of market share, the statistics show that T-Mobiles percentage of the UK market has remained relatively static during the course of the five years to 2009, as inde ed has that of Orange, the company with which it has now formed an alliance. In contrast, O2, Vodafone and 3UK have achieved significant share growth during the same period. Superficially, at least, this appears to suggest that the latter corporations have not only managed to secure a greater rate of market share growth than T-Mobile but have also been more successful at retaining the loyalty of their existing consumer base. Consequently, this result suggests that there is a need for improvement in the T-Mobile CRM systems. Figure 3 Mobile phone market shares Source: OFCOM (2010) 1.4 Aims and objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate and assess the impact and success of CRM tools and systems within a practical corporate environment, in other words, it seeks to ascertain the extent to which these tools are achieving their goals of customer retention. Therefore, it is intended to resolve the following research propositions: 1. That CRM tools are having the ef fect of increasing customer loyalty to the T Mobile brand and improving repurchasing levels. 2. That the marketing department at T Mobile have been successful in introducing innovative CRM tools which has provided the corporation to achieve a competitive advantage over its main competitors within the mobile phone sector. To facilitate the robustness of this dissertation and the fulfilment of the aims that have been set, it is intended to conduct the research within the following framework of objectives. The focus of these objectives will be the mobile sector of the UK telecommunications industry, using T Mobile as the case study organisation: To provide a brief overview of the definition of CRM and its purpose within a corporate environment, with particular reference to its development and effectiveness of use within the UK mobile telecommunications sector To provide a detailed examination of the main challenges faced when using CRM tools and identify the latest tec hnologies that are being used to address these issues. To provide a critical analysis of the way in which the case study organisation, T Mobile, has introduced CRM tools and systems into their business. Moreover, this objective will also seek to investigate how these systems have been incorporated into the latest strategies developed by their marketing department. The final objective is to use the results of the research conducted t make recommendations for improvement, if applicable. 1.5 Scope and structure of dissertation To aid clarity and understanding of the content the remainder of this study has been formatted within the following framework. In the next chapter (2) a critical literature review is presented which concentrates upon the definition of CRM, the various tools and systems that are used to improve and enhance its management, as well as identifying how T Mobile have utilised these tools within their CRM strategy. Chapter three examines the methodology options available to the research and provides the reasoning for the methods that have been chosen, as well as indicating the limitations and how these have been addressed. Within chapter four, the research findings are presented and explained and these are further discussed in the chapter (5) that follows. The final chapter (6) brings the dissertation to a conclusion and, based upon the findings that have been discussed, also contains recommendations that are intended to assist the case study organisations and other in maximising the benefits the receive from effective implementation of CRM systems. Furthermore, as attachments to the main dissertation, additional appendices have been added. These comprise of a biography that provides details of all the publications and other information that has been relied upon and referred to within this study. Additionally, the appendices contain details of the primary research conducted, such as the questionnaires and interviews, toge ther with full details of the responses received. Chapter 2: Literature review 2.1 Introduction The academic and corporate interest in the importance of a relationship that a business can and should develop with their customers has been a part of the corporate strategy for some time . In this respect, it has long been recognised that the extent to which a corporation understands its customer and their needs will have a significant impact upon both their achievement of competitive advantage and in developing appropriate marketing strategy . However, since the middle of the 1990s CRM has not only taken the theory and art of interacting with customers to a new, more collaborative level, but the concept itself has become almost inextricably linked with the rapidly developing area of information technology and systems . In other words, from a practical, if not psychological aspect, the majority of CRM related studies are now focused upon its development and practice within the internal and external technologies tools and systems available to the corporation. Therefore, within this critical review of existing literature the intention, following a brief overview of the various definitions that have been applied to CRM, is to focus upon the CRM, how these are implemented in the IT environment, and to also evaluating the benefits and barriers. Following on from this the relationship between these issues and the manner in which they have been implemented within the case study corporation T-Mobile. 2.2. Defining CRM and its purpose As has been the case with almost every theory related to corporate strategy and management, there have been a number of attempts at providing a comprehensive and robust definition for the term CRM. These have ranged from the complex to the simple. At the former end of this scale is the lengthy definition that was used by Payne and Frow for the purpose of their research study into this area. Figure 4 CRM definitio n Source: Payne and Frow (2006, p.168) However, as Payne and Frow indicate the term, which gained prominence in the 1990s, has in the past been defined as â€Å"CRM can be interpreted as a process of digitizing a staffs knowledge about his or her customers.† Nevertheless, in view of the connection that exists between CRM and IT, perhaps the simplest and most appropriate definition that exists can be more succinctly described as it being â€Å"information-enabled relationship marketing.† 2.2.1 Purpose of CRM In terms of the purpose of CRM systems, from the corporations viewpoint, the consensus of opinion is that this can be applied to five key areas, which are as follows: 1. Acquisition of new customers The purpose being to secure new customers whose values equate with those that the firm or its brand is delivering. In financial terms, this will also reduce the fixed cost per customer, which can add further value by, for example, reducing product price. 2. Increasing revenue from existing customers This is achieved by encouraging existing customers to purchase other products or accessories, which in the mobile environment might consist of additional apps. 3. Improving customer retention rates Aimed at improving customer loyalty which will result in a continuation of their repurchasing habit 4. Reducing recurring costs Improvements made to internal/external systems should lead to a reduction in the cost of delivering messages and services to the customer without impacting adversely on quality 5. Reduce costs of acquisition Helps to improve the efficiency of attracting new customers, which has cost benefits 2.2.2 Key changes brought about by introducing CRM As can be seen from the following table (1), the design, execution and implementation of the CRM process within the business has an impact upon four key areas of its operations. Table 1 key change elements of CRM Source: Gurau et al (2 003, p.211) It is apparent that the two main elements of this change are the effect that it will have upon firstly, the customer and, secondly, the business employees. From a customer aspect, the process will be focused upon understanding and satisfying their needs, which at the same time will provide them with a greater sense of being appreciated and respected by the firm as their views are being listened too. The other aspect, which is interrelated with the first, is ensuring the efficiency of understanding that the staff have in terms of operating the new CRM system as, only through this approach will the customer satisfaction determinants be fulfilled. 2.3 CRM theoretical models There have been several theoretical CRM models developed over recent years, which have set out to provide an understanding of the way that these processes work and the interaction between the various elements. Of these, it is considered the two that provide the greater amount of detail abou t these processes are the QCI (figure 5) and Paynes five processes (figure 6) models. Figure 5 QCI model Source (Buttle 2009.19) QCI model developed by a consultancy firm Figure 6 Paynes five processes m model Source (Buttle 2009, p.20) Paynes five process model The benefit of the QCI model is that it shows the revolving and continuing cycle of the CRM customer based element. In other words, it defines the triple task of which is to win-back old customer, target new ones and continue to learn from the information gathered from the consumer so that the value of the product and brand can be constantly evolving to meet their changing needs and demands. Another important element of this model is that it indicates the bi-directional approach or communication between the various elements, which is essential in the development of a successful customer relationship programme. Conversely Paynes model, which has been adapted from Michael Porters ‘value chain, take s a straight line approach and splits the process into two distinct parts, these being the primary steps, related to external and customer activity, and the supporting direction, which is related to internal operations. In focus therefore, this model is targeting the impact of the relationship between the customers on the one hand and the profitability of the business. Nevertheless, it is apparent in both cases that there needs to be a robust link between all of the component parts and it is this link which has been found to be best created through the adoption and implementation of appropriate CRM IT systems. 2.4 CRM and IT As this review has revealed earlier, most CRM tools and systems are now implemented through the use of information technology and this is increasingly being seen as the most appropriate manner of controlling and measuring customer relationship. Nonetheless, in terms of corporate acceptance of this situation, this has been slower in materialising. How ever, this position is rapidly changing as indeed can be evidenced from a survey conducted in 2002 which showed corporate employees satisfaction with IT CRM systems increased from 35% in 2000 to 78% in 2992. It is apparent from this change of opinion that corporate employees have now begun to recognise the main advantages that exist within the new IT developments in CRM, which have been clearly identified within academic research (Table 2). Table 2 difference between old and IT based CRM Source: Gurau et al (2003, p.201) One interesting observation becomes immediately apparent from a review of this list is the increased interactivity force and power of the customer and the impact that this has upon the corporations and its drive for competitive advantage. For example, not only does the Internet provide bi-directional between the customer and the corporation, it also allows for the same to occur between customers, which means that their influence upon other and potent ial customers is much greater within the World Wide Web environment. For this reason, it is important that the best practice is adopted for the CRM systems. 2.4.2 Best practice for CRM in IT The first important factor to remember, which is linked to that discussed in the previous section is that CRN management tools usage on the internet should not be confined to just being price driven. The reason for this is that most online retailers have resorted to this approach, which reduces its competitive advantage for the firm. In addition therefore, the Internet message also has to achieve customer satisfaction â€Å"to increase competitive advantage† against other online competitors. The level of the customer satisfaction both with the product and with the relationship that he or she enjoys with the firm is a key factor in determining the extent of their loyalty to the firm and their repurchasing behavioural patterns. Moreover, as indicated within the following diagr am (figure 7), if there is a significant level of dissatisfaction being experienced, the person in question can act as a disruptive force. Through the communication means available on the Internet, these ‘dissatisfied customers can create adverse perceptions in the minds of potential new customers about the quality and appropriateness of the product and brand. This could act as a deterrent, dissuading these new customers from an initial purchase trial. Therefore, to ensure competitive advantage is maintained a high level of customer satisfaction with both the product and the brand and its service and promotion must be maintained, to such an extent that, as Shrimp and Madden â€Å"a triangular love relationship† develops between the brand product and customer. Figure 7 Customer satisfaction matrix Gurau et al (2003, p.201) 2.6 CRM tools, systems and their objectives 2.4.1 Use of Internal Tools and systems With regard to the internal implementation and management of CRM processes, the core factor is for the business to comment this process using a two-step process: Step one This step focuses upon the business and customer strategy review. Business strategy is to commence with an overview of the internal and external business environment. Customer strategy involves examining the existing and potential customer base to identify which segment is most appropriate for the business product Step two Consists of building a multichannel objective, which means that s number of channels must be managed in an integrated manner The multiple channels that are referred to in step two above will include a number of activities. For example, perhaps the most important of these is the need for a data depository (or memory bank) from which information can be mined and retrieved. In addition, the business will need to have front and back office applications which a) interface with customers, and b) include back office applicati ons that support internal administrative, supply and logistical processes. All of these elements must be aimed at improving the quality of service marketing that is applied to the external CRM tools. In other words, they should be designed to enhance the service value chain operated by the business and from the business viewpoint, the effective management of its customer base. Another of the beneficial uses of internal CRM tools is that it can be integrated with other computerised systems, providing information to areas such as the supply chain, resource planning and even financial systems 2.4.2 Use of external CRM tools In essence, most of the external CRM tools will be related to marketing , especially those that are focused upon the Internet and, in this respect can provide opportunities that can be used to adopt new marketing models that will enable the marketer to get â€Å"inside the lives [and minds] of your customer.† Within the offline environment, many businesses have used these systems for the purpose of direct mailing and the creation of loyalty and reward programmes, all of which are designed to improve customer retention and loyalty. Alternatively, in the online environment the marketers are provide with three main marketing opportunities, which include the development of a brand website and involvement with social networking, as well as online advertising. In relation to all of these opportunities, the focus for the marketer must be upon the creation of an interactive dialogue between the business and the customer to ensure the objectives and needs of each party are met. However, it is equally important, having implemented these processes, that their performance is monitored, which means that control systems, such as a KPIs or Balanced Scorecard approach needs to be also included within the process. 2.7 CRM at T-Mobile In relating the above elements of the literary review to the case study organisation, T-M obile, the extent to which this corporation has followed the advices and processes described in the previous section can now be identified. It is apparent from a visit to their website that the company is offering similar promotional material and product descriptions to those of other mobile organisations. Furthermore, in terms of building a customer relationship the site also offers a discussion forum, although it has to be said that this is not immediately apparent unless one visits the ‘contact us. Similarly, with the same criticism, the company has also engaged with online social networking, though this appears to be limited to the ‘Twitter site at present. Consequently, when all of this activity is added to the data that is collected from the contact us site and the further customer details that are required when requesting help, or making a payment, it is also apparent that the organisation must have the internal CRM systems available to enable it to devel op a data depository. From this, the business would be able to produce a targeting programme that can design offers for a specific group of customers, where existing or new. 2.8 Summary In summary therefore, it can be concluded from this review that the main elements required for the implementation of a successful CRM system that will deliver the goal and objectives of the business, must be based upon the following key factors: Mission vision Creating basic functions, structure and content that are designed to deliver customer satisfaction and are designed to prevent the death of the relationship Commitment Ensuring clarity of definition, good leadership and help from the supply chain to achieve objectives Monitoring Effective management, use and control of the information acquired and evaluating the ongoing performance Customer orientation Focus on committed customers and a loyalty programme with financial incentives tend to lead to a greater level of customer satisfaction. Also learning to see the brand through the customers eyes Marketing Concentrate upon firing up the front line Within the following chapters, it will be discovered the extent to which T-Mobiles current CRM tools and systems have succeed in these goals and objectives. Chapter 3: Research methodology 3.1. Introduction One of the most essentials prerequisites for the conduct of any study of this nature, which includes both an understanding of the theoretical processes and their transition into a practical commercial environment, is ensuring that the appropriate methodology is chosen for use . The following sections outline the approach that has been adopted for this dissertation. 3.2 Research philosophy The philosophy adopted for the study has been based upon a combination of the positivism and interpretivism approach. In relation to the former, the benefit is that it allows the researcher to introduce previously published facts an d concepts that can be reviewed objectively, for example, in this case such a modus would include previously published academic literature and the opinions of expert observers. Interpretivism, on the other hand, permits the researcher to observe the reactions and perceptions of individuals, which in this case would be those who supply mobile product and the consumers who use them. 3.3 Methodology strategy With a study that combines the theoretical with the effectiveness of its transitioning into a practical environment, the methodology chosen would rely upon either the quantitative or qualitative approach, or a combination of the two. The former allows for a more detailed and study of specific elements or opinions, for example, as would be gained from the use of an individual case study organisation or the conducting of interviews. The latter relies upon a large scale of investigation and, in this respect the use of existing academic resources or the conducting of a surv ey would have the desired outcome. 3.4. Choice of research methodology In considering the appropriate approach that would be suitable for this dissertation, the author has heeded the advice from other academics that a combination of the qualitative and quantitative approach might enhance the results and findings and has therefore decided upon this method. The reason for this choice is based upon the fact that, although only one organisation is being included as a case study, the size of the consumer market is considerable. The intention with the latter is to seek a consensus of opinion from these consumers as to what CRM strategies and tools are most likely to affect their purchasing and loyalty choice and for what reason. The data and information required from these approaches will be amassed through the secondary and primary data collection processes. 3.5. Secondary data collection process Secondary data comprise two areas of research, both of which will have been pre-published and generally available in the public domain. For the first part, this will include publications related to theoretical concepts related to the key elements of CRM and the models and tools developed which are available in books and journals located in either bookstores, libraries or reputable online publishing websites. The second part is the collection of statistics and other external opinions that have been made available from the Office of National Statistics, the OFCOM regulator and other NGO organisations or expert observers. 3.6. Primary data collection process Regarding the collection of primary data, three approaches have been used. The first of these was the case study itself, for which T-Mobiles own website has been used in conjunction with reviews related to the corporation that have been published by other industry observers. However, to appropriate and robustly address the aims and objectives of the dissertation it was also determined that the re was a requirement for the researcher to gather information, opinion and evidence from those considered to have a more intimate involvement with the industry sector . To achieve this situation it was decided to use an approach that combined the use of semi-structured interviews together with consumer surveys . 3.6.1. Semi-structured interviews For the purpose of semi-structure interviews, two employees from the case study corporation were chosen and, in addition, a representative from the OFCOM regulator and a consumer group . The benefit of this approach was that it provided the researcher with the ability to achieve an understanding of the CRM tools and strategies implement by the T-Mobile Corporation, as well as their views and opinion as to the success of these methods. 3.6.2. Questionnaire and survey The questionnaire took the form of an online survey , which was targeted to social networking groups as well as a similar survey conducted at one of T-Mobiles re tail location, where the corporations customers formed the respondents. These surveys, to which only the researcher had access to the results, were aimed at providing a collective consumer view and opinion in relation to the benefits the considered applicable to them from CRM processes. The questionnaire itself was constructed with a range of question styles. From the closed type which was used for responses such as age and gender, to the ‘linert style, which is designed to test the degree to which the consumer agrees or disagrees with a specific statement, with five choice options being available. 3.6.3. Ethical issues within primary research There are issues that need to be appropriately addressed with any primary research. Predominantly, these are related to data and privacy protection. In the design, construction and implementation of the semi-structured and survey used within this particular dissertation the ethical issues were dealt with in the following way. Firstly, as can be seen from the questionnaires, there were no questions that required the divulgence of any person data save for age and gender. In other words, no information of a personal or financial nature was requested. Furthermore, it was made clear to the respondents that their involvement with the survey was a matter of personal choice. With the interviews, again it was confirmed that participation was voluntary and, moreover, that privacy would be protected by not indicating the interviewee by name. In addition, in this case transcripts of the interview were sent to each participant for their agreement prior to the results being included within this study. Therefore, it is considered that the primary research processes have been implemented in a manner that cannot be seen to have caused harm to the respondents and, furthermore, comply with current protection legislation and codes. 3.7. Limitations The limitations that can be seen to potentially affect the ch osen methodology can be described as follows. Concerning the secondary research process, the main concern is to ensure two things. Firstly, it is important to ensure that the data has been collected from reliable sources and is, as far as can be assessed, free from bias or inaccuracies. Secondly, it is also important to ensure that the research relied upon is the most current available. With the primary research, it is equally essential to ensure that bias is not allowed to affect the design in terms of things like questions. In addition, the other limitation is related to the sample size selected for these events. Within reason it is considered that, taking into account the restrictions in relation to issues such as time, cost and geographical locations, the research conducted for secondary and primary purposes has reduced the impact of these limitations to acceptable levels. 3.8. Summary It is the researchers considered opinion that the methodology adopted for this study, as set out within this chapter, was sufficiently robust as to add value to current research into the area of customer relationship management and, in addition, has adequately addressed the aims and objectives.. Chapter 4: Findings and data presentation 4.1. Introduction The findings presented within this chapter include those related directly to the case study data provided in the introductory chapter, as well as the results of the primary interview and questionnaire results. 4.2. Case study and interview findings One factor that has become apparent about T-Mobile and its development over the past few years is that the UK market share for the business has not increased, in other words, if there has been any customer gains, these have been countered by similar levels of losses. This result appears to indicate that, to date at least, the business CRM process is not perhaps as robust as other competitors are, particularly when compared with O2 and Vodafone. However, this view of the CRM process does not appear to be a viewed shared by the two representatives of T-Mobile who took part in the semi-structured interview. 4.2.1. Interview findings The full transcripts of these interviews can be found in appendix 2, where it will be apparent that the majority of the questions were based upon the CRM tools and systems as they related to the online activity of the business. What was clear from the opening question was that all of the interviewees, including the two T-Mobile and two external organisation representatives, were agreed that CRM, when implemented effectively, bring a value to the business, which, as noted, is believed helps build this relationship: â€Å"Yes, I do think that CRM has a value. It has taken a while to realise what that is. However, I believe now that the greatest benefit is that it brings us closer to the customer and, equally important, allows us to respond to them in much less time than was previously the case† (Mr A) The next point of interest was in respect of the implementation process itself. Although accepting that there had been some difficulties in this area, for T-Mobile it was not considered a major issue, which others thought would be the case: â€Å"If you adopt a robust change management strategy for the business, CRM should be no more difficult to implement than any other internal system. True, one can never say that implementation will be perfect but most good corporations should not experience significant difficulties† (Mr C) The next few questions put to the interviewees related specifically to the website, its suitability and ease of use the extent to which it got its message across to the consumer. The responses, as outlined below, were generally positive in all of these areas: â€Å"It certainly gets the product message across and I believe that it is relatively easy to navigate. It also provides a lot of opportunity for customer feedback and discussion, which helps us to keep in touch with their needs† (Ms B) â€Å"From a surfers viewpoint, I would say the T-Mobile site is relatively simple and easy to navigate† (Mr B) â€Å"Obviously, I would say that the main focus of the website in sales orientated. However, in addition to this it is also a ideal vehicle for market research. It helps us to find out how customer needs are changing and that provides us with a basis for future product development† (Mr A) However, a number of the interviewees did notice an issue that needed improvement, which was directly related to the CRM element. This was explained particularly well by one of the external interviewees: â€Å"My personal opinion is that the main issue is in fact the CRM process. Apart from the standard link to contact us, which some consumers are adverse to using, indications as to how the customer can communicate with the business online need to be enhanced, for example , by making access to the discussion forum more visible† (Mr C). In assessing the interviewees perception of the consumer response to the CRM element of the website, this being related to communications and information gathering, the consensus of opinion was that, because of the rise in popularity of social networking, most consumers were not concerned about disclosing information online, providing it was not of a personal or financial nature. However, in return, they did expect to be treated correctly by the company, which as the marketing representative from T-Mobile acknowledged was an area they focused upon managing effectively, as she explained: â€Å"We have dedicated IT people who role it is to ensure that our response to any issues that are raised by customers are dealt with quickly. They may not be able to answer every question, but at least they can respond to the customer and tell them when they will have the answer. Communication is important and the d iscussions allow us to maintain this effectively† (Mr A) With regard to other online activity by T-Mobile, this was confirmed by their representative to be occurring in a number of areas: â€Å"Yes of course. We are on Twitter, which allows us to let people know about new products. Our TV advertising can often be found running on sites like YouTube, which gets the message across to a global audience. Finally, members of our staff are also interactive with other social networking sites† (Mr A) The final aspects of the questions put to the interviewees related to the benefits in cost terms and whether it had improved the customer experience, thereby improving retention and loyalty. In relation to cost, their was agreement that CRM had certainly been beneficial in this respect, both in relation to reducing the cost per customer With regard to the improvement of customer perception, the following is the opinion of the T-Mobile interviewees: â€Å"Obviously, the customer is better placed to answer this question than me. However, from the interactions we have with customers, the general view appears to be that they find the experience of dealing with the company now that it has all the online facilities, much better than in the past† (Mr A). However, as will be shown in the next section, this perception may not actually agree with the reality of the consumers feelings. 4.3. Questionnaires The questionnaire survey was conducted in two parts, with one being carried out online, with the help of T-Mobile, and the other being conducted at two of their retail sites. Full results are attached in appendix one, with the graphical results being used for this section of the dissertation. The total number of respondents was 121 over the three locations, with the age demographics as indicated in table 3. Table 3 Question 1 Please indicate your age group 18-25 19 19 12 50 41.32% 25-40 10 9 5 24 19.83% 40-56 12 8 5 25 20.66% 56 + 8 7 7 22 18.18% The next two questions focused upon the choice of provider and the quality of the phone product (figures 8 and 9). Not surprisingly given the locations, 40% were T-Mobile customer. In relation to the quality of the product, although 60% found these to be average or above, it should be worrying for the providers that such a large percentage were not satisfied with the product. Figure 8 Question 2 Figure 9 Question 3 The following pair of questions focused upon how the respondents used their phones and what had enticed them to buy it in the first place (figures 10 and 11). Text messaging was the main usage, but what was considered interesting was the fact that a very similar percentage used their phone mainly for connection to the Internet, which shows the increasing popularity of online usage for mobile phones. The increase in the online connection with the mobile phones sector is also reflected in the fact that nearly 40% purchased their phones through or because of this medium; with on the spot high street decisions to purchase being relegated into third position behind the enticement of the companys advertising material. Figure 10 Question 4 Figure 11 Question 5 In the first two of the questions that related more direct to the management issues of CRM, it was concerning to note that despite the fact that a reasonably high percentage of consumers were of the opinion that the customer service they received was good (45% approx, figure 12), a slightly larger percentage were of the opposite opinion, and this was reflected in the fact a significant majority indicated that they were not committed to purchasing future products from the same mobile provider (figure 12). Figure 12 Question 6 Figure 13 Question 7 Questions 8 to 10 focused upon the respondents perception of T-Mobiles promotional activity. Another concern arises here for T-Mobile in that the response to the website was not as pos itive as might have been expected (figure 14). In contrast however, there was a very positive response to the companys advertising campaign (figure 15), although it did not appear that either of these promotional activities would make any difference to the consumer buying habits (figure 16). Figure 14 Question 8 Figure 15 Question 9 Figure 16 Question 10 Next, with questions 11 through to 14, the survey focused upon the quality of the product and service provided. Wit h regard to the product (figure 17), Text and Internet fared best and cost worse and this is also evidence in the responses to question13 (figure 19). Figure 17 Question 11 The quality of the provider coverage was also an issue for many of the respondents (figure 18). Figure 18 Question 12 Figure 19 Question 13 Consequently, it was not surprising to find that a reasonable percentage of the sample, were of the opinion that other providers products and services would be better (figure 20). Figure 20 Question 14 One key aspect of CRM is how corporations earn customer loyalty. It is apparent that, for these respondents that, of the areas this element of CRM addresses, the product is the one that is productive in this respect with communication between provider and customer considered as least effective. Figure 21 Question 15 Next the respondents were asked how their provider communicated with them and in this respect the Internet again had a slight edge over other methods (figure 22). This again confirmed the growing importance of the Internet within the mobile phone sectors promotional and customer relationship activities. Figure 22 Question 16 The final two questions (17 and 18) focused again on customer service and the impact that this would have upon consumer retention and loyalty. In the first of the results (figure 23) customer service featured as the lowest element that would attract consumers to a provider and this was reflected in the reit erated evidence that a sizable percentage of the respondents would not commit themselves to remaining with the same provider in the future (figure 24). Figure 23 Question 17 Figure 24 Question 18 4.4 Summary It is apparent from all of the findings that have been presented within this chapter that there is a divergence of views on the effectiveness of CRM between the corporation, as per the interviews, and the external evidence, both statistical and from survey results. It is these differences that will be further discussed in the following chapter. Chapter 5: Analysis and discussion 5.1. Introduction The focus of this dissertation has been to assess and evaluate the effectiveness of CRM processes within a practical environment. The findings disclosed in the previous chapter indicate that, at least in relation to T-Mobile, there are some areas of doubt in this respect, the cause of which forms the basis of this analysis and discussion. 5.2. The effectivene ss of CRM at T-Mobile The findings from the interviews and survey appear, to a certain extent, to contradict each other. For example, while T-Mobile recognises the importance of CRM, as have others that have featured in the literature review, and the management believe it is achieving the desired objective, this is not the perception of the consumer. The survey respondents perception is that, in at least two of the key areas that CRM is intended to make a positive contribution to customer retention and loyalty, there appear to be failures. These are customer service and interactive communication. Clearly, the respondents do not believe that the communication process is as effective in this case as academic theory has suggested it should be and is therefore not delivering to customer satisfaction. Perhaps part of the cause for this could be said to be related to the structure of the companys website. There is agreement amongst the interviewees that the link to the discussi on forum on T-Mobiles website is not immediately apparent. With the average time consumers spend looking for such detail on a site being measured in seconds; this could be perceived as a major drawback to this site achieving the clarity of function and message that is recommended for best practice. Similarly, this defect might also be partly responsible for the fact that the quality of customer service has received such an adverse response in the survey. If customers believe they are not being listened to and their needs and demands are not being satisfied, they more likely to migrate to other competitors, which is what appears to be happening in the case of T-Mobile. At the very least, this migration is matching the level of new customers being attracted to the company. Consequently, as has been evidenced from the lack of increase in market share, it can be concluded that the CRM policy and strategy is not being implemented in a manner that is enabling T-Mobile to achieve a competitive advantage over other corporations operating within this industry sector. 5.3. Summary Based upon the previously presented findings and these brief discussions of the issues, it is considered that T-Mobile has to implement changes to its current CRM processes. These are required as part of an effort to improve the level of consumer retention and loyalty to a position where it will result in the company achieving a more sustainable position of continuing growth of its UK market share. Recommendations related to these changes are presented within the concluding chapter of this dissertation. Chapter 6: Conclusion and recommendations 6.1. Introduction In concluding this research project and the case study related to T-Mobile, it is now possible to resolve the propositions that were set out within the introductory chapter and also to present recommendations related to the improvements required by the company as well as future research. 6.2. Propositions The initial propositions set were as follows: 1. That CRM tools are having the effect of increasing customer loyalty to the T Mobile brand and improving repurchasing levels. 2. That the marketing department at T Mobile have been successful in introducing innovative CRM tools which has provided the corporation to achieve a competitive advantage over its main competitors within the mobile phone sector. The statistical market share evidence and the results of the survey conducted during this study indicate that the first proposition has not been proven. The companys market share position has remained stagnant during the past five years at least. Furthermore, it has failed to sufficiently convince consumers that it is a corporation with whom they can build a robust relationship. Certainly, this applies in relation to the currently level of CRM being sufficient to both offset consumer losses and increase market share. Regarding the second proposition, there is some evid ence that some benefits have been derived from the innovative use of CRM within the marketing department, particularly in relation to the companys current advertising campaigns. Nonetheless, here again it is apparent that, taken in isolation, this success has not been sufficient to provide impetus for market share growth. 6.3. Recommendations The recommendations that are being made relate to two areas, these being improvements to CRM suggested for T-Mobile and considerations for future research. 6.3.1 T-Mobile There is a need to redesign and re-launch the company website, with particular attention being focused upon promoting the business discussion forum and links to other online social networking activities, in a prominent position. This promotion should be apparent irrespective of the page of the website that consumers might visit. It is recommended that the business conduct a comprehensive programme of market research, covering both existing and potential cons umers. The aim of this should be to assess the consumers perception of concern in relation to the potential relationship with the company so that these can be addressed and incorporated into a revised CRM and marketing strategy. 6.3.2. Future research It is recommended that further research in this market sector, using other competitors for case study purposes would add value to the results of this dissertation. In the first place it will identify whether there are specific issues related to CRM success which occur in a saturated market sector if so, how these manifest themselves. It is further recommended that similar research should be conducted with other industries and their sectors. The purpose of this is to ascertain to what extent, if any, the CRM approach to the Mobile phone sector warrants a more focused approach to CRM practices that is the case in other sectors. 4. 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